Free Essays on The Odd Sea

In The Odd Sea, Fredrick Reiken proposes that in one’s home one can remain in a condition of blamelessness. In the novel, the storyteller and primary character, Philip, searches to locate his more established sibling Ethan who has vanished. During Philip’s scan for Ethan, the family has a go at adapting to the misfortune. With an end goal to adapt to Ethan’s vanishing, Philip’s mother starts to go through her evenings preparing and perusing books in the kitchen. Philip depicts his mom as being â€Å"withdrawn and fundamentally unresponsive† (53). Philip’s father had started constructing wood outline lodges as his own specific manner of adapting to Ethan’s vanishing. Philip’s most seasoned sister Amy had gotten inaccessible from the family while filling in as a paralegal and looking out for a few graduate school applications. Halley, Philip’s other sister, started helping her dad fabricate wood outline lodges and appeared to manage Ethan’s vanishing fine. Philip’s most youthful sister Dana, fanatically shot free tosses as her own particular manner to adapt to Ethan’s vanishing. Philip started to write in a diary like how his sibling had written in a diary. Composing became Philip’s method of adapting to his brother’s vanishing. In the novel Plainfield is the place Philip’s guiltlessness and his encounters falsehood and he can remain in a condition of blamelessness in Plainfield. Philip’s lumber outline lodge is an image of his honesty and furthermore represents Philip’s relationship with his sibling Ethan.... Free Essays on The Odd Sea Free Essays on The Odd Sea In The Odd Sea, Fredrick Reiken recommends that in one’s home one can remain in a condition of honesty. In the novel, the storyteller and principle character, Philip, searches to locate his more established sibling Ethan who has vanished. During Philip’s scan for Ethan, the family has a go at adapting to the misfortune. With an end goal to adapt to Ethan’s vanishing, Philip’s mother starts to go through her evenings preparing and perusing books in the kitchen. Philip portrays his mom as being â€Å"withdrawn and essentially unresponsive† (53). Philip’s father had started assembling wood outline lodges as his own specific manner of adapting to Ethan’s vanishing. Philip’s most seasoned sister Amy had gotten removed from the family while filling in as a paralegal and looking out for a few graduate school applications. Halley, Philip’s other sister, started helping her dad assemble lumber outline lodges and appeared to manage Ethan’s vanishing fine. Philip’s most youthful sister Dana, fanatically shot free tosses as her own specific manner to adapt to Ethan’s vanishing. Philip started to write in a diary like how his sibling had written in a diary. Composing became Philip’s method of adapting to his brother’s vanishing. In the novel Plainfield is the place Philip’s honesty and his encounters falsehood and he can remain in a condition of guiltlessness in Plainfield. Philip’s lumber outline lodge is an image of his honesty and furthermore represents Philip’s relationship with his sibling Ethan....

The purpose of the experiment is to test the effect of increased temperature on the permeability of beetroot cell membran Essay Example

The motivation behind the test is to test the impact of expanded temperature on the penetrability of beetroot cell membran Essay Foundation data The cell layer encompasses every single living thing and is mostly penetrable in order to fill in as a limit among cell and condition and control substances that are permitted all through the cell. Cell films are comprised of phospholipids, sugars and proteins.The phospholipids are organized in a manner that their polar hydrophilic (water drawing in) phosphate heads face outwards and their non-polar (hydrophobic) unsaturated fat tails face inwards. The phospholipids are orchestrated in a bi-layer. The hydrophobic layers go about as a boundary to some molecules.There are likewise different particles which are indented into the phospholipids, for example, Proteins. Proteins are tertiary structures made up of looped and collapsed strings of amino acids which are solid and held set up by peptide bonds. Proteins are answerable for the majority of the cells properties and a few proteins are engaged with shipping substances over the layer while others are associated with kee ping up the cells shape. Anyway at exceptionally high temperatures the ties holding the . break and in this way the proteins lose their structure and solidness. This expands the pigmentation released.In the phones of a beetroot plant, a substance called betalins is found in the layer vacuoles, which gives beetroot its red shading. Regularly the shades can't go through the films however at higher temperatures the cell gets harmed and the betalins will seep from the cells. I will research the shade lost at various temperatures.Hypothesis-an expansion in temperature will prompt more harm to the cell films, which will build their penetrability, and subsequently permit a greater amount of the color to be released.Expected result-the accompanying temperatures will be utilized to gauge the sponginess, 0C, 10C, 20C, 30C, 40C, 50C, 60C, 70C. as utilizing any higher or lower may occupy to much time in getting to the necessary temperature. anticipate that the chart for the outcomes should look as follows::increasing the temperature will make the halfway penetrable layer of the Beetroot become harmed thus it will be less inflexible. Additionally I anticipate that after 40C the proteins in the cell film will begin to denature as they will arrive at the ideal temperature. This will expand the penetrability permitting more shading to be discharged. I foresee that when I test a modest quantity of the water which contained the beetroot in the colorimeter, the higher the temperature of the water the higher the perusing will be on the colorimeter as less light will pass through.Apparatus-The accompanying mechanical assembly will be required in the investigation;Raw beetroot Preferably a similar sort and size of beetroot will be expected to make the examination reasonable and more reliableSize 4 plug borer to get the beetroot pieces as it will empower me to have pieces and sweep of a similar estimate and guarantee that the dependant factors are kept the same.White tile cut down o n to this with the blade so I don't harm the work area or hazard harming my handKnife to quantify cut the beetroot into 1cm length slices.Ruler to gauge and the beetroot into 1cm length slices.Water showers I will likewise require a bunsen burner to warm the water. I feel a bunsen burner is a superior alternative to use than a pot as I can get it to the necessary temperature all the more effectively and furthermore on the grounds that the pot would have more polluting influences, while I can wash the measuring glass before hand.Plastic recepticle. A measuring glass will at that point be expected to put the water when it is being warmed. I will utilize a 250ml measuring utencil as I can get all the water in as opposed to including all the more each time.2 bubbling cylinder racks2 test tube racks which I can put the cylinders in.Crushed ice I will require ice for temperatures underneath the room temperature.Boiling tubes I will at that point need to get 8 test tubes and rather than li ttle recepticle as I can put the cylinders in a rack so there are increasingly steady and furthermore with the goal that less space is taken up in the work area as the container is widerThermometer I will likewise need to utilize a 0-90 thermometer to take readings of the temperature. I will utilize a 0-90 C thermometer as the temperatures I need are underneath this thus there is no point utilizing a bigger one. Additionally it will be simpler to peruse with a littler scope. Ice will likewise be expected to get the temperatures lower than room temperatureColorimeter Colorimeters are valuable instruments for acquiring quantitative information by following responses that include an adjustment in shading or haziness. They remove the mystery from coordinating hues or end focuses in tests. Connecting the colorimeter to a datalogger permits you to see the improvement of the response, and to make a perpetual record of the entire analysis. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Datalogging is an augmentation of typic al logical enquiry techniques.1 Datalogging improves the legitimacy of the data2 Datalogging evacuates the requirement for significant stretches of dull information recording Transmission is certifiably not a straight scale, and is ordinarily utilized when you are:㠯⠿â ½following a pattern in the reaction㠯⠿â ½following a response where the groupings of the items making the colourchange are unknown.As the transmission scale isn't straight, it isn't straightforwardly identified with the centralization of thechemicals in an answer that make a shading change.Absorbance is a direct scale. It tends to be utilized when you are:㠯⠿â ½calibrating the shading change to a realized fixation esteem, for instance discovering theconcentration of sugar in a sample.Cuvettes I will utilize a curvette to place the arrangements in; I will put 2cm in each curvette utilizing a 2cm pipette with the goal that every ha a similar volume thus it is unquestionably increasingly dependable to look at the outcomes. When utilizing the shading meter I will gauge the receptiveness of the refined water and afterward contrast this with the distinctive beetroot focuses. I will at that point need to gauge the arrangements against a colorimeter I will utilize a colorimeter as opposed to an outline as the sensor is delicate to light and is similarly situated constantly which will give undeniably more exact estimations of permeableness than deciphering utilizing a scale. Cuvettes are intended to be optically indistinguishable from one another. Many have a little imprint on them so you can ensure similar countenances are constantly agreed with the light source and sensor. On the off chance that there is no markalready present, you can include a little imprint at the highest point of the cuvette, where it doesnot meddle with the entry of light through the test solution.Stopclock A stopwatch will likewise be required to quantify the ideal opportunity for each investigation, so I get a reasonable and progressively exact time for each, rather than depending on a watch or clock.Distilled water I will utilize refined Water, as this will guarantee an increasingly precise outcome as ordinary faucet water has synthetic compounds included which can influence the experiment.Pipette For moving the water in to an estimating chamber a 5cm pipette will be utilized as the measuring glass could be hot to hold and move the water. Additionally I can get progressively exact estimations with the pipette. I will move the water into a 50ml estimating chamber as I may not get precisely 5cm each time in the pipette thus estimating it before would be more accurate.Small estimating cylindersforceps while moving the beetroot in to the water so the beetroot doesn't come into contact with the skin thus that I don't automatically influence the porousness of the phone membrane.500ml recepticle so the measuring utencil with the refined water can be put in this.tripod and a check to put the co ntainer on while it is getting warmed, so immediate warmth doesn't interact with the glass, as it could get very hot.heatproof tangle should be set under this to keep the Bunsen burner on something safe and furthermore so it stays stable and there is less danger of it falling over.goggles and a research facility coat consistently to guarantee security and decrease the danger of any mishaps. Additionally to decrease recoloring as the beetroot juiceMethod-start by wearing a research facility coat and goggles consistently to guarantee security to the eye body. at that point wash my hands so that in the event that they have any substances they don't influence my test by coming into contact with the beetroot or water. at that point get all the hardware required for the examination with the goal that the technique is efficient and I don't need to search for things in the middle of the experiment.using a stopper borer and pushing down onto a white tile cut out 8 round and hollow circles of beetroot. Next I will quantify 1cm length of beetroots and cut out 8 pieces utilizing the blade and chopping down onto a white tile. I will at that point get 8 test tubes for all the various temperatures and wash and dry the cylinders so no substance stays as this could influence the outcomes. At that point I will put the cylinders in a test tube rack so they are on a level surface thus it is anything but difficult to move the perfect measure of fluid. Utilizing a size 4 stopper borer and a blade, ruler and white tile to assistant me I will cut 8 indistinguishable bits of beetroot which are 1cm long. I will utilize a similar measurement corer and slice all the beetroots to a similar length with the goal that the surface zone of every beetroot is comparable and that the dependant variable is kept the equivalent. I will at that point utilizing tongs to put the beetroot pieces in a measuring utencil of refined water and leave for the time being with the goal that overabundance color i s washed away. Since the beetroot has been cut piece of the cell layers will be broken and subsequently the abundance dyewill spill out. By leaving them short-term it will guarantee that the outcomes are reliable.I will get the typical refined water which will be at room temperature at about 34C and spot it in a container. I will at that point add ice to a bigger recepticle and spot the water measuring utencil in this. I will work by beginning with the 30C and afterward working down to 0C, including more ice if necessary. I have chosen to do the examination along these lines with the goal that I can get the necessary temperature the most rapidly (from room temp) so I don't need to stand by excessively long. For

HIV Positive Authors to Read for World AIDS Day

HIV Positive Authors to Read for World AIDS Day World AIDS Day is held annually on December 1st. It’s a day for all to unite in the fight against HIV/AIDS, support those living with it, and remember all who have died. This year is thirty years since the first World AIDS Day and the struggle for access to effective treatment continues. The books listed here are all by people who have publicly spoken of their HIV positive status. Whilst not all these books are about HIV/AIDS their authors are a testament to the wide diversity of the HIV/AIDS positive experience. Men, women, and nonbinary people. From many ethnicities and nationalities. LGBTQ+ and cis-het. Some died in their thirties, some are living into old age. There is deep sadness, burning fury, and bold hope.   Nonfiction, Essays and Memoirs about HIV/AIDS The Naked Truth: Young, Beautiful, and (HIV) Positive by Marvelyn Brown (born 1984) The surprisingly hopeful memoir of a very ordinary teenager who contracts HIV. Suddenly finding herself fighting for her life and alienated from her community this is a story of refusing to give up on yourself, even as everyone else does. Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging HIV Clone by David B. Feinberg (1956-1994) Here Feinberg harrowingly documents his experiences of being an activist, living with, and dying of HIV/AIDS. Honest, angry, and important.   Sleep with the Angels by Mary Fisher (born 1948) The founder of Family AIDS Network stunned the world when she came out as HIV positive in a speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention. That speech is one of many included in this collection.   And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts  (1951-1994) This history of HIV in America tells the stories of those who worked to save lives. This all in the face of a wider political, media, and medical atmosphere that was more concerned with image and budget.   Poetry Ceremonies: Prose and Poetry by Essex Hemphill (1957-1995) A collection of provocative commentary on topics including photographs of African-American men, men and feminism, and HIV/AIDS in the Black community. Hemphill is also the editor of Brother to Brother: New Writing by Gay Black Men.   HIV, Mon Amour by Tory Dent (1958-2005) These daring poems by HIV positive poet dare the reader with their profound refusal to look away. Dent’s work has been considered some of the most important literature to come out of the AIDS crisis.   Nobody Ever Said AIDS: Poems and Stories from Southern Africa edited by Nobantu Rasebotsa Forty-two writers come together to show that HIV/AIDS is about more than statistics. Here are the people living, dying, and dealing daily with the disease. Together they tell intimate and honest stories of love, sexuality, stigma, and loss. Don’t Call Us Dead by Danez Smith (19??-present) These poems by nonbinary poet Smith come from a place of too many funerals and not enough miracles. Touching on topics from police brutality towards African Americans to the realities of an HIV diagnosis this is a heartrending collection.   General Nonfiction Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe by John Boswell (1947-1994) Theologian and historian Boswell lays out dramatic evidence than in past centuries the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches sanctioned and blessed same-sex unions. Brilliant, if controversial, this is one of the best books I’ve personally read on queerness and Christianity.   General Fiction House of Hunger by Dambudzo Marechera (1952-1987) Short stories describe the brutalisation of life in Zimbabwean Townships. These stories reveal the ways madness, violence, and despair become normal in Black urban areas. Cobra and Maitreya by Severo Sarduy (1937-1993) A compilation of two of Sarduy’s finest novels. Telling of drag queens and gender transition, Tibetan Buddhism and motorcycle gangs, invasion and revolution. These are works of literal and figurative transvestism transcend gender and genre.   The Stone Virgins by Yvonne Vera (1964-2005) This is a novel set deep in the horrors of Zimbabwean civil war. From the perspective of two sisters portraits are painted of life before and after liberation. Portraits of searching for dignity in the face of unimaginable violence.

Essay about Workplace Stress - 1867 Words

Three out of every four American workers describe their work as stressful. According to the Holmes-Rahe Life Events Scale, which rates levels of stress, many of the most stressful events in life are related to the workplace. Some examples are firings, business readjustments and changes in financial status, altered responsibilities, a switch to a different line of work, trouble with the boss, changes in work hours or conditions, retirement and vacations. Workplace stress costs American employers an estimated $200 billion per year in lower productivity, absenteeism, staff turnover, workers compensation, medical insurance and other stress-related expenses. However, stress may not always be a bad thing. It can stimulate creativity and†¦show more content†¦Others fill their days with unproductive busy-work, feeling the stress of knowing they could be more productive. These are caused respectively by two different reasons. An employee with too much work may be afraid to tell his/h er boss because they are afraid their boss may consider them incompetent. Too little work may be the result of an employee that doesnt speak up because he/she doesnt want to become overwhelmed. Either situation could be resolved by better communication. First, the overworked guy should explain to his boss that he may need more time to complete his tasks or fewer tasks. Secondly, the person with too little to do should realize that sooner or later someone is going to notice that they are not doing their job and explain to his boss that he would like to be more challenged. Random interruptions - telephones, walk-in visits, demands from supervisors. Goal setting and time management strategies can increase productivity and alleviate the stressfulness of incomplete projects. Communication isnt just talking to someone, it is other things such as pushing the do not disturb button on a phone or closing the door in your office. These are both ways of communicating that you cannot be disturbed. Pervasive uncertainty Ââ€" Hidden company problems, unsatisfactorily explained and announced change and/or economic fluctuations all affect stress levels and productivity. This is an intentional lack ofShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Stress Among The Employee951 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Stress among the Employee in Insurance sector: A study 1. Introduction Stress is a part of daily living. It is an adaptive response. Stress occurs at the workplace when there is a mismatch between the expectations of the employee and demand of the employer. Stress basically reduces a person’s ability to perform and think differently which is bad for everyRead MoreWorkplace Stress1922 Words   |  8 Pageswork as stressful. According to the Holmes-Rahe Life Events Scale, which rates levels of stress, many of the most stressful events in life are related to the workplace. Some examples are firings, business readjustments and changes in financial status, altered responsibilities, a switch to a different line of work, trouble with the boss, changes in work hours or conditions, retirement and vacations. Workplace stress costs American employers an estimated $200 billion per year in lower productivity, absenteeismRead MoreEssay on Stress in the Workplace2323 Words   |  10 PagesJones Final Paper: Stress in the workplace June 18, 2012 BUS 318: Organizational Business Instructor: Gary Priest Final Paper: Stress in the workplace Organizational behavior is the study of individuals and their behavior within an organized work environment. Many different facets of the business world make up organizational behavior including: motivation, personality, leadership, communication, and so much more. However, I plan to focus on the topic of stress within organizationalRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Stress On The Workplace1472 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Work stress is one of the oldest issues in organizational psychology and is considered one of the most severe occupational injuries in modern society† (Chou, Chu, Yeh, Chen, 2014, p. 115). Overcoming this severe issue of workplace stress is an important topic to discuss. It is defined as the events or circumstances that cause strain to an employee, which can result in physical, mental, and emotional consequences (Dextras-Gauthier, Marchand, Haines, 2012; Nà ¤gel, Sonnentag, Kà ¼hnelRead MoreStrategies For Managing Stress At Workplace2123 Words   |  9 PagesDevelopment Studies Strategies For Managing Stress At Workplace Section: A02 Yang Liu 11-12-2016 â€Æ' Abstract In this paper, I expect to discuss factors which lead to stress in the workplace. Are individuals stressed in the workplace? What causes stress in the workplace? Who is mostly stressed: men or women? Are individuals being exposed to stress management techniques? By recognizing stress in the workplace, employers can act appropriately to reduce stress. The outcome can benefit social and familyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace Stress1387 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace stress comes in endless types of reactions and is different from employee to employee. According to Hitt, Miller, Colella in Organizational Behavior, stress is a feeling of tension that occurs when a person perceives that a situation is about to exceed her ability to cope and consequently could endanger their well-being. Job stress is the feeling that one’s capabilities, resources, or needs to not match the demands or requirements of the job. In today’s world everybody deals with some sortRead MoreCauses of Workplace Stress969 Words   |  4 PagesCauses of Workplace Stress There are many factors that can exacerbate the causes of stress in the workplace. The challenges faced by people in the workplace make the job more exciting and interesting. However, there are challenges that can also have negative effects. The normal reaction to stress is tension, anxiety and excitement and work-life goes back to normal after a while. If however, the stress becomes overwhelming or if it happens too often, there can be a problem getting back to the normalRead MoreStress in the Workplace Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesStress in the workplace Stress in the workplace has become one of the increasingly popular topics of discussion over the last couple of decades. It has become a major concern among various organizations creating an impact on the management and operations of the organization. This paper will give a detailed definition of what stress in the workplace is and the most common causes of stress amongst both employers and employees. In the midst of investigating the causes of stress, I will give an outlineRead More Stress In The Workplace Essay562 Words   |  3 Pages Stress by definition is an interaction between individuals and any source of demand (stressor) within their environment. Employment can be an exciting challenge for many individuals; it can also be a tremendous source of stress. (Long, Bonita C.) Stress in the work place can cause many individuals harm emotionally and physically. Several reasons for the intense amounts of stress are; too many demands from co-workers, supervisors constantly breathing down your back, elevated noise levels in theRead MoreStress Management in the Workplace1100 Words   |  5 PagesPsychopathology in the Workplace 1 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Consultant For Methodist Hospital: Stress Management Module Tomeka Flowers ORG 5270 University of the Rockies ORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 2 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Abstract In recent months Methodist Hospital have developed a stress management program. The organization is struggling in their ability consistently manage the program. Though stress management program

History Unit 1 Edexcel Past Year Paper - 917 Words

January 2009 1. How far did Henry’s legal and financial reforms strengthen the power of the English monarchy? * Focus on key features of reform * Ensure balance given to both legal and judicial * Consider how important were these reforms in maintaining and expanding royal power, esp. after devolution of royal authority under Stephen Intro:- there was a necessity for reform (anarchy) -Briefly- Legal amp; financial reform -Themes: King as central authority strengthen his authority Why there was a need for reform? Body:- 2 parts : Legal reforms amp; financial reforms *LEGAL REFORMS – standardization : * writs * Legal procedure: henry attempted to formalize legal procedures, formed the 3 big assizes, by†¦show more content†¦2. How far do you agree that the weakness of royal finances was the main reason for the growth of opposition to King John? * What financial difficulties did John face, i.e. Richard’s ransom, loss of wealthy territory in France * At same time understand ability of England to generate large degrees of wealth, at expense of people; how did this, in turn, aggravate society? * Note that financial difficulties was not sole reason for the growth of opposition, took place alongside his personality problems, other flaws January 2011 1. To what extent did Henry strengthen the powers of the Crown in England? * Refer to instability caused by Anarchy; what were the problems, how did Henry address them. * Judge how successful was Henry in controlling England through the success of his reforms, and becoming Lord of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales * Balance against his poor showing against the Church 2. How important was the part played by Philip Augustus in the collapse of English power in France? * Philip’s ability to play son off father and brother off brother while he was weak * When in position of strength, and against weak king(John when Richard absent, and later dead), skilful military strategy * But note that his greatest conquests came during reign of John who was only a mildly successful military leader, and who had alienated allies. May 2011 1. To what extent was Becket responsible forShow MoreRelatedinformation based decision Essay3310 Words   |  14 PagesInformation Decision Making Assignment (Unit 5002) By: Author Tutor: Name Contents Introduction 2 Task 1 – The selection of information and data 3–4 Task 2 – The identification, analysis and evaluation of information and data 5–7 Task 3 – The presentation and communication of information and data 7–9 Bibliography 10 CMI Dip. In Leadership And Management L5, Module 5013, Assignment Introduction Information is data that has been processed so that it has meaningRead MoreEducation System in England7734 Words   |  31 Pagesincrease the quantity of available places. All four year olds are now promised a part-time place of five morning or afternoon sessions per week, and the government has set a target of providing a place for two thirds of three year olds by 2002. Downside The push to make more pre-school places available has prompted many primary schools to open nursery classes, offering parents a free place in classes that often become feeder classes to the first formal year of school. While this has benefited the budgetsRead MoreE T Level 4 CERT PORTFOLIO Anon27074 Words   |  109 Pagesï » ¿EDEXCEL EDUCATION TRAINING CERTIFICATE PORTFOLIO COURSE DATES: 2014/2015 APPROVED CENTRE: COURSE VENUE: VARIOUS COURSE TUTOR: CANDIDATE NAME: ENROLMENT No: Unit 1: Understanding Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Unit reference number: H/505/0053 Unit 2: Planning to Meet the Needs of Learners in Education and Training Unit reference number: A/505/1189 Unit 3: Delivering Education and Training Unit reference number: M/505/1022 Unit 4: Assessing

Comparison Italy vs Spain in Crisis Free Essays

Comparison Spain vs. Italy Similarities * Left-centred coalition government * Member of the EU * Low birth rate * High immigration * Declining competitiveness * Latin, Mediterranean (used to take siestas), highly emotional citizens * High costs, low productivity firms (likely to be overtaken by Chinese competition) * Low spending on Ramp;D * Poor educational system Differences * Italy has a high black economy, Spain does not (tax deficits for Italy) * Spain: monarchy and democratic * Italy: republic Corruption percentage index (Italy: 6. 5 and Spain 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Italy vs Spain in Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8) * Unemployment rate (Italy: 10. 7% Spain: 25. 1%) How did Italy and Spain become struggling economies? Spain * Real estate crash Nearly every Spanish representative did heavily investments in the real estate market. So there was an illegal connection between reforms undertaken and unnecessary low interest rates concerning the housing sector in their own interest. Cajas, which are semi-public banks, are the most involved banks, which lenthuge amounts of money to the real estate sector. Those real estate companies went bankrupt. This was followed by a huge price increase of housing done by the cajas, since they needed to get their money back. * Increase in unemployment * Huge trade deficit (increasing oil prices, lack of resources) * High inflation rate (caused by real estate price increase and family indebtedness increase) Italy * High governmental debt (118% of GDP) * Very difficult to start businesses -gt; high bureaucracy and sluggish justice system * Very weak economy Weak investment, elderly population, poor regulations (-gt;less increase in productivity) * Very low annual growth rate (lower than the rate of interest it pays) -gt; causes a huge governmental debt * Due to a bad outlook and insecurities of Italy the interest rate increased tremendously for Italy * If nobody will lend to Italy, then Italy cannot repay its debts. And if Italy cannot repay its debts, then nobody will lend to it. (Vicious circle) What procedures did the government do to decrease the effects of the crisis? Italy * Monti tries to boost growth in Italy â‚ ¬10 billion of savings should be reinvested to boost growth * New policy: reduced tax to encourage firms to hire women and young workers * Full-scale liberalisation of shopping hours (to stimulate consumer spending) * â‚ ¬3. 8 billion for infrastructure projects (to attract FDI) Spain: * Restructuring Spain’s banking sector A lot of small and weak banks have had to merge by larger banks. This caused a job loss by 11% in this sector. Bankia, Spain’s fourth-largest bank is now part nationalised this caused a huge governmental money spending to save the bank. * Recession To get help from the market (borrowing funds) would be too cost intensive (high interest rates). So Spain had to ask for financial help at euro members. So far Spain does not want a full bailout or rescue, to avoid another increase in interest rates and close supervision of the Spanish finance system. So far the government decided for: a 12% average cut in ministerial spending, freeze in public sector pay for the third consecutive year, new independent authority to monitor government finances, increase in pensions, new 20% tax on lottery wins, new car scrappage scheme. Ms Saenz de Santamaria said that efforts to close the government’s deficit would focus more on spending-cuts than tax rises. * The only areas of spending to increase in 2013 would be pensions, student scholarships and interest payments. (to calm the Spanish citizen) * Government tries to reduce the deficit to 6. 3% of the GDP this year. * BUT, government said that tax revenues will be higher than budgeted for this year, so they are expected to increase by a further 3. 8% in 2013. Analysis – Spain * Since the big real estate bubble was mostly caused by the government and politicians, they also should help Spain to overcome the crisis. Spain’s rescue plan so far is to cut governmental spending and reduce taxes. This should stimulate consumer spending, which will help the market to get in a better flow again. At the other hand by requesting a potential bailout plan from the EU, Spain makes its citizens and its potential investors highly insecure. The potential bailout plan indicates that Spain is not able to overcome the crisis by itself and herewith no foreign investors and no loans out of the market with acceptable interest rates will be further available for Spain. At the moment Spain cannot come out of the crisis by itself. Due to this, help will be needed. As mentioned above, Spain already requested a potential bailout plan, which is not yet requested by the Spanish government, to prevent an increase in interest rates and a strict observation and regulation of the Spanish governmental actions. * It is inevitable that Spain quickly decides about a crisis plan, which should be strictly followed for the next years. * In my opinion Spain needs to use a bailout package to save its banking sector. By this action, the government would show its citizens, who are mostly unemployed and highly indebted, that it takes actions to get Spain out of the crisis. The government already tried to be more neoliberal by not intervening a lot and just helping the banking sector out by providing financial rescue help („lightâ€Å" bailout). This financial aid did not solve the problem in depth. At this point of time the Spanish population needs security provided by the government to become more active again. * It will be a difficult procedure to intervene with more cuts and reforms. Many reforms will touch the welfare state, such as pensions, education and health. * A further intervention would probably cause a further erosion of popular support for the EU and might lead to a formation of a new-formed government lead by technocrats. * BUT: Spain needs more jobs, to decrease its high unemployment rate. * To achieve that, the government should subsidize firms, which create jobs for Spanish citizens. Also Spanish government already took over its biggest bank, this could be a start to get control over important and big institutions, in connection with job creation. Spain should provide a mixture of private businesses, which receive subsidies if they create new jobs and state owned or partly owned firms to control the issue of unemployment better. * More employment and lower taxes would then stimulate the consumer spending, which would be followed by a highly stimulated and profitable economy. * Now it is the turn of the government to spend more and reduce taxes as long as the private sector is ready to take the economy forward (Keynesian theory) * If the Spanish economy and the market cools down FDI will continue to come in, which is also a positive fact. As far the market is not as ttractive for foreign investors, the government could also create subvention plans for them. * I am positive about Spain’s FDI future, since Spain is located in the gateway to the Mediterranean, North Africa and Latin America, its labour market provides young and qualified workers, so far the VAT and the Corporate Tax rebate system is relatively low in comparison to the other EU countries. (FDI is a very important source for Spain, it counts for 44% of its GDP, and 7% of employment) Analysis Italy * After Adam Smith every country should specialize in the sector where its competitive advantage is the biggest. But in the case of Spain and Italy there is no huge competitive advantage in a certain sector. So I would propose the theory of David Ricardo. He suggested focusing on a comparative advantage, which means that less efficient countries can still benefit from free trade if they export those products where they have the least productivity disadvantage. * In order to overcome governmental debt, the Italian government cut governmental spending, froze on public-salaries and stopped tax increases. * It also reformed the labour market to overcome the high unemployment rate. Those actions were all caused by the government, which leads to the assumption that the government holds the control over all future market actions. (Keynesian approach) * The Italian government also plans a new structure of the tax system that includes a greater level of control concerning tax evasion. The tax structure is going to be more growth friendly, which includes diverting income from the wealthy to the lower pai d citizen, this should increase the consumer spending. (Keynesian approach) -gt; Stimulating consumer spending leads to Porters Diamond Italy after 1945 again. The Demand Conditions, which were very sophisticated in Italy, should be improved again. * In April 2012, the government proposed a labour market reform. This reform needs to be adopted as soon as possible to overcome Italy? s competitive loss with trade partners. (-gt;Improve competitiveness) * The government also introduced fiscal incentives focusing on the employment of women (action on childcare and elderly care facilities). Elderly Italian women are forced to find work since the pensionable age will rise by five years between 2012 and 2018. -gt;Fostering employment) -gt;Factor Conditions after Porter Diamond * Another beneficial step for SMEs the government took is that companies can exclude the notional return on new injections of equity capital from taxable income. This will increase the size of firms of SMEs and investments in innovation. Italy? s economic strength lies in processing and manufacturing goods of SMEs. (-gt;Governmental investment and policies to increase the in ternational competition of Italy) -gt; Porter Diamond-Related Supporting Industries * The government also forms policies to financially help SMEs at their Ramp;D division. This will trigger firm- specific advantages, which can be useful for Italy? s USP at the global market. (New Trade Theory, Dunning) Bibliography Online Sources for Spain: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-16290598, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-17549970, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-19733995, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. ibtimes. com/can-mariano-rajoy-save-spain-its-financial-crisis-797237, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/financialcrisis/9549245/Debt-crisis-politicians-drive-bank-union-but-markets-focus-on-Spain. html, retrieved 22. 10. 2 http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/bad90798-07f4-11e2-9df2-00144feabdc0. html#axzz2AK2iKiR2, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://sizemoreletter. com/spains-new-austerity-plan-what-does-it-mean/, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. presstv. ir/detail/2012/09/02/259497/spain-calls-for-key-action-for-euro-crisis/, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-07-24/spain-debt-costs-seen-unfounded-after-berlin-crisis-talks. html, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. economywatch. com/world_economy/sp ain/export-import. html, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://ecfr. eu/content/entry/commentary_the_eurocrisis_a_spanish_perspective, retrieved 22. 10. 12 How to cite Comparison Italy vs Spain in Crisis, Papers

Ptsd Annotated Bibliography free essay sample

Some problems that soldiers face in not seeking treatment is that they think they can cope with the problem themselves, they think that others can’t help them, or some think the problem will just go away on its own, and also some are embarrassed to talk to someone else about the problems that they are facing. Some of the signs to watch for in someone returning from war are problems in their relationships, poor performance and attendance in school or work, and if they have thoughts of hurting someone or themselves. The earlier that treatment is sought, the easier it will be to prevent problems that could occur. Minear, Larry Larry, Bob Bob Patrick, and Richard Richard G. Lugar. Through Veterans Eyes, The Iraq And Afghanistan Experience. Potomac Books Inc, 2012. . On page 158 of this book it points out that a RAND report in 2008 found that an estimated 300,000 service personnel from Iraq and Afghanistan were suffering from PTSD or major depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Ptsd Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The RAND report also found that only about half of those affected had sought help, and out of those that did seek help about half of them received â€Å"minimally adequate treatment†. It is estimated that the cost of treating every one of the 300,000 PTSD cases is about $660 billion. PTSD is also linked to the doubling of the suicide rate of the personnel returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. Husted, Kristen risten N. , and Capella Capella University. School of Psychology. Rural Living Combat Veteransan Exploration On Issues With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder And Reintegration Post Combat-returning To A Small Town. ProQuest, 2008. . This was a study done about the difference of effects of PTSD on rural and non-rural veterans. The results indicate a significant difference in adjustment and symptoms of PTSD amongst rural combat veterans when compared to non-rural combat veterans. Second, the rural combat veterans’ perception of their reintegration experience is unique. Lastly, the rural combat veterans’ reintegration is process is perceived as significantly different than the non-combat veterans. War Crimes. Pro. Alex Simmons. Vanguard. Web. 8 July 2010 This documentary researched PTSD in veterans of Iraq by looking at the high rates of veterans of this war being in prison. They focused on two main cases, but talked about the growing amount. One was of a guy that was awaiting trial for murder of his girlfriend. She had been strangled to death. He had no recollection of doing anything, but he was believed to be the one that killed her. These cases of veterans blacking out are very common. They happen sometimes while sleeping and sometimes while the person is awake. Another case they looked at was a veteran that shot a guy that raped his girlfriend 6 times. He claims to only remember going over to the victim’s house and getting shoved. The next thing he remembered was coming to in an orange jumpsuit not knowing what had happened. Carlson, Eve, et al. United States. Iraq War Clinition Guide. Web. . Site N/A at this time.

The Impact of Slave Trade on African Economy free essay sample

What were the impacts of the slave trades on Africa? Explore political, social, a ND economic dimensions. Did you agree with Walter Rodney et al that impact was significant t caused stagnation and underdevelopment or Joseph Miller that it was not devastating g? Slavery and the slave trade are ancient practices that can be traced back moor e than two the millennia in Africa. During the 19 century, the transatlantic slave trade radically impaired Africans potential to develop economically and maintain its social and political stability.Millions f Africans were forcefully sold and transported to Europe and the Americas as slaves. According to lectures in class by Professor Lumbar, by my understanding, t he primary goal of relocating Africans into Europe and the Americas was part Of a global cone mimic enterprise. This commerce spread from the Western coast of Africa to the rest of the continent t; from the islands of Gore and Sanitation, in current Senegal to Quicklime in present Mozart queue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Slave Trade on African Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trade affected lives of millions of diverse Africans coming from regions such as Seen gamma, SierraLeone, Westchester Africa, SouthEast Africa, the Bight of Benign, the Gold Cocas t, and the Bight of Bavaria. Moreover, it started the systemic and continuous process of e economic exploitation and social and political fragmentation that Europeans later insist centralized through colonization. Politically, the Atlantic trade led to the formation of semi feudal classes in Africa. To know that there were Africans who associated themselves with Europeans to sanction the oppression of their own people raised a question. Was it a strategic way of pr footing from trade?The fragmented political structure was related to a general state of insecurity that facilitated enslavement. These men usually would make substantial gains from the trade . Despite that Europeans were the ones who benefited from the trade the most. Economical lye, the Atlantic slave trade on Africa varied according to time and geographical context; trade e was taking place from I believe; Senegal, the Coast, and upper Nigeria. Africans from the inter or would trade in European products, such as iron, cotton, textiles and some of their own kind. And in return, they would get machinery.Weapons of mass destruction After a couple years, the e population expanded which generally shows the economically and demographically been fits from the trade. Although the Africans profited from a trade in human beings, I believe the tar De had a negative impact because the simple fact of the Europeans raiding, capturing, and tort ring Africans from the Coast. Compared to any individuals mental state in the modern world, Afar ICANN who were not involved in the trade felt like they were prevented from doing business in pea CE and security due to the thought of being kidnapped and sold. Socially,

The eNotes Blog For Memorial Day Ten Authors Who HaveServed

For Memorial Day Ten Authors Who HaveServed Writers, perhaps unsurprisingly, are among the harshest critics of the word patriotism and especially of decisions to go to war. Many express sentiments similar to James Baldwin (Go Tell It on the Mountain) who said,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I love America more than any other country in the world and, exactly for this reason, I insist on the right to criticize her perpetually. Despite their often vocal criticism, many authors have served in our armed forces. Here are ten of those who risked their lives and reflected on the experiences of war.   1.   E.E. Cummings Volunteer Ambulance Driver, France, World War I America makes prodigious mistakes, America has colossal faults, but one thing cannot be denied: America is always on the move. She may be going to Hell, of course, but at least she isnt standing still. 2.   Ernest Hemingway, Volunteer Ambulance Driver, Italy, World War I Once we have a war, there is only one thing to do. It must be won. For defeat brings worse things than can ever happen in war. 3.   Isaac Asimov,  Ã‚  Philadelphia Navy Yard  Naval Air Experimentation Station,  United States Army, World War II No sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be. 4.   Robert A. Heinlein,  Served in  U.S. Navy  aboard  USS Lexington (CV-2),  USS Roper (DD-147), World War II â€Å"Liberty is never unalienable; it must be redeemed regularly with the blood of patriots or it always vanishes. Of all the so-called natural human rights that have ever been invented, liberty is least likely to be cheap and is never free of cost. 5.   Norman Mailer,  served in South Pacific, World War II â€Å"Any war that requires the suspension of reason as a necessity for support is a bad war.† 6.   Joseph Heller,  US Army Air Corps, bombadier, Corsica, World War II â€Å"Anything worth dying for   is certainly worth living for.† (From  Catch-22) 7.   Kurt Vonnegut,  United States Army  infantry soldier, 423rd Infantry Regiment,  106th Infantry Division, captured during the  Battle of the Bulge, survived bombing of Dresden as a POW, World War II There are plenty of good reasons for fighting, but no good reason ever to hate without reservation, to imagine that God Almighty Himself hates with you, too. (From  Mother Night) 8.   Tim OBrien, United States  Army  Unit: 5th Battalion, 46th Infantry Regiment, 198th Infantry Brigade  Service, Vietnam War â€Å"A true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing the things men have always done. If a story seems moral, do not believe it. If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, or if you feel that some small bit of rectitude has been salvaged from the larger waste, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie. There is no rectitude whatsoever. There is no virtue. As a first rule of thumb, therefore, you can tell a true war story by its absolute and uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil. † (From  The Things They Carried) 9.   Tobias Wolff, United States Army,  Special Forces Officer. Advisor to the South Vietnamese  military  in Vietnam â€Å"When your power comes from others, on approval, you are their slave. Never sacrifice yourselves never! Whoever urges you to self-sacrifice is worse than a common murderer, who at least cuts your throat himself, without persuading YOU to do it.†   (From  Old School)   10.   Anthony Swofford, United States Marines,  Lance Corporal,  Scout Sniper  with the  Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA) Platoon  of  2nd Battalion, 7th Marines, Gulf War â€Å"During the few months Troy had been back home, he’d told his friends about us, and so we quickly eased into the conversation as though we’d all known each other for many years. They embarrassed us with great thanks for having served overseas. They recounted combat events Troy had told them, and we realized by the context of their stories that Troy had made us heroes for his friends because we’d been heroes to him. At this point I was the saddest I’d yet been over Troy’s passing, because the true friend from war is the friend who obliterates his own story by telling the stories of others.†   (From  Jarhead)

The eNotes Blog For Memorial Day Ten Authors Who HaveServed

For Memorial Day Ten Authors Who HaveServed Writers, perhaps unsurprisingly, are among the harshest critics of the word patriotism and especially of decisions to go to war. Many express sentiments similar to James Baldwin (Go Tell It on the Mountain) who said,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I love America more than any other country in the world and, exactly for this reason, I insist on the right to criticize her perpetually. Despite their often vocal criticism, many authors have served in our armed forces. Here are ten of those who risked their lives and reflected on the experiences of war.   1.   E.E. Cummings Volunteer Ambulance Driver, France, World War I America makes prodigious mistakes, America has colossal faults, but one thing cannot be denied: America is always on the move. She may be going to Hell, of course, but at least she isnt standing still. 2.   Ernest Hemingway, Volunteer Ambulance Driver, Italy, World War I Once we have a war, there is only one thing to do. It must be won. For defeat brings worse things than can ever happen in war. 3.   Isaac Asimov,  Ã‚  Philadelphia Navy Yard  Naval Air Experimentation Station,  United States Army, World War II No sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be. 4.   Robert A. Heinlein,  Served in  U.S. Navy  aboard  USS Lexington (CV-2),  USS Roper (DD-147), World War II â€Å"Liberty is never unalienable; it must be redeemed regularly with the blood of patriots or it always vanishes. Of all the so-called natural human rights that have ever been invented, liberty is least likely to be cheap and is never free of cost. 5.   Norman Mailer,  served in South Pacific, World War II â€Å"Any war that requires the suspension of reason as a necessity for support is a bad war.† 6.   Joseph Heller,  US Army Air Corps, bombadier, Corsica, World War II â€Å"Anything worth dying for   is certainly worth living for.† (From  Catch-22) 7.   Kurt Vonnegut,  United States Army  infantry soldier, 423rd Infantry Regiment,  106th Infantry Division, captured during the  Battle of the Bulge, survived bombing of Dresden as a POW, World War II There are plenty of good reasons for fighting, but no good reason ever to hate without reservation, to imagine that God Almighty Himself hates with you, too. (From  Mother Night) 8.   Tim OBrien, United States  Army  Unit: 5th Battalion, 46th Infantry Regiment, 198th Infantry Brigade  Service, Vietnam War â€Å"A true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing the things men have always done. If a story seems moral, do not believe it. If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, or if you feel that some small bit of rectitude has been salvaged from the larger waste, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie. There is no rectitude whatsoever. There is no virtue. As a first rule of thumb, therefore, you can tell a true war story by its absolute and uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil. † (From  The Things They Carried) 9.   Tobias Wolff, United States Army,  Special Forces Officer. Advisor to the South Vietnamese  military  in Vietnam â€Å"When your power comes from others, on approval, you are their slave. Never sacrifice yourselves never! Whoever urges you to self-sacrifice is worse than a common murderer, who at least cuts your throat himself, without persuading YOU to do it.†   (From  Old School)   10.   Anthony Swofford, United States Marines,  Lance Corporal,  Scout Sniper  with the  Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA) Platoon  of  2nd Battalion, 7th Marines, Gulf War â€Å"During the few months Troy had been back home, he’d told his friends about us, and so we quickly eased into the conversation as though we’d all known each other for many years. They embarrassed us with great thanks for having served overseas. They recounted combat events Troy had told them, and we realized by the context of their stories that Troy had made us heroes for his friends because we’d been heroes to him. At this point I was the saddest I’d yet been over Troy’s passing, because the true friend from war is the friend who obliterates his own story by telling the stories of others.†   (From  Jarhead)

The eNotes Blog For Memorial Day Ten Authors Who HaveServed

For Memorial Day Ten Authors Who HaveServed Writers, perhaps unsurprisingly, are among the harshest critics of the word patriotism and especially of decisions to go to war. Many express sentiments similar to James Baldwin (Go Tell It on the Mountain) who said,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I love America more than any other country in the world and, exactly for this reason, I insist on the right to criticize her perpetually. Despite their often vocal criticism, many authors have served in our armed forces. Here are ten of those who risked their lives and reflected on the experiences of war.   1.   E.E. Cummings Volunteer Ambulance Driver, France, World War I America makes prodigious mistakes, America has colossal faults, but one thing cannot be denied: America is always on the move. She may be going to Hell, of course, but at least she isnt standing still. 2.   Ernest Hemingway, Volunteer Ambulance Driver, Italy, World War I Once we have a war, there is only one thing to do. It must be won. For defeat brings worse things than can ever happen in war. 3.   Isaac Asimov,  Ã‚  Philadelphia Navy Yard  Naval Air Experimentation Station,  United States Army, World War II No sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be. 4.   Robert A. Heinlein,  Served in  U.S. Navy  aboard  USS Lexington (CV-2),  USS Roper (DD-147), World War II â€Å"Liberty is never unalienable; it must be redeemed regularly with the blood of patriots or it always vanishes. Of all the so-called natural human rights that have ever been invented, liberty is least likely to be cheap and is never free of cost. 5.   Norman Mailer,  served in South Pacific, World War II â€Å"Any war that requires the suspension of reason as a necessity for support is a bad war.† 6.   Joseph Heller,  US Army Air Corps, bombadier, Corsica, World War II â€Å"Anything worth dying for   is certainly worth living for.† (From  Catch-22) 7.   Kurt Vonnegut,  United States Army  infantry soldier, 423rd Infantry Regiment,  106th Infantry Division, captured during the  Battle of the Bulge, survived bombing of Dresden as a POW, World War II There are plenty of good reasons for fighting, but no good reason ever to hate without reservation, to imagine that God Almighty Himself hates with you, too. (From  Mother Night) 8.   Tim OBrien, United States  Army  Unit: 5th Battalion, 46th Infantry Regiment, 198th Infantry Brigade  Service, Vietnam War â€Å"A true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing the things men have always done. If a story seems moral, do not believe it. If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, or if you feel that some small bit of rectitude has been salvaged from the larger waste, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie. There is no rectitude whatsoever. There is no virtue. As a first rule of thumb, therefore, you can tell a true war story by its absolute and uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil. † (From  The Things They Carried) 9.   Tobias Wolff, United States Army,  Special Forces Officer. Advisor to the South Vietnamese  military  in Vietnam â€Å"When your power comes from others, on approval, you are their slave. Never sacrifice yourselves never! Whoever urges you to self-sacrifice is worse than a common murderer, who at least cuts your throat himself, without persuading YOU to do it.†   (From  Old School)   10.   Anthony Swofford, United States Marines,  Lance Corporal,  Scout Sniper  with the  Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA) Platoon  of  2nd Battalion, 7th Marines, Gulf War â€Å"During the few months Troy had been back home, he’d told his friends about us, and so we quickly eased into the conversation as though we’d all known each other for many years. They embarrassed us with great thanks for having served overseas. They recounted combat events Troy had told them, and we realized by the context of their stories that Troy had made us heroes for his friends because we’d been heroes to him. At this point I was the saddest I’d yet been over Troy’s passing, because the true friend from war is the friend who obliterates his own story by telling the stories of others.†   (From  Jarhead)

Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Organizational Change - Essay Example They then replicate the same attitude of respect and appreciation to the organization and its customers or target clients. Empowered employees always feel at home as they do their work and give their best for the benefit of the organization. Institutions that have embraced employee empowerment methods tend to achieve greater success. This means that employees in such organizations have a teamwork spirit that helps them to appreciate and recognize each person’s ability. They become active participants or partners of the organization and take responsibility for its success and drawbacks. In order to achieve greater miles of success through employees’ empowerment, organizations must therefore invest more towards team building and professional trainings. Organizations must build lasting and trusting relationships and partnerships that brings out the self-worth of its employees towards the customers. The management must create trust between them and the entire team of employees. With a sense of trust in place for the employees, the customers will automatically be the beneficiaries as they will get good treatment from the organization’s employees. For example, when an employee is trusted and allowed to independently feel free to contribute towards the management of the organization. That employee will feel some sense of acceptance and trust. He or she will also ensure that customers are well managed for the success of everyone in the

WIPO, Berne, TRIPS, Copyright Law and their Implications for Google Essay

WIPO, Berne, TRIPS, Copyright Law and their Implications for Google - Essay Example Thus all national copyright laws to a greater or lesser extent attempt to balance recognition and enforcement of copyright against broader interests and needs. International copyright law has recognised the need for this balance but the exact nature of the appropriate balance has been contentious. The nature of the balance envisaged in the Berne Convention may well have been different from that envisaged in subsequent legislation and this essay will begin by defining the dimensions of that balance. It will then proceed to consider the changes in international copyright law brought about by the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty to establish whether the balance as now recognised in international copyright law is different from that originally recognised by the Berne Convention. Article 13 of TRIPs illustrates the essence of the Berne Convention and TRIPs, which is that the copyright holder's rights cannot be derrogated from except in special circumstances in the public interest. However, the test is very strict whereby the rights of the artist are paramount in the Berne Convention where it it widely accepted that the copyright holder and the artist was one and the same. ... copyright holder is frequently not the artist because the caopyrights are owned by the employer, agent or company that commissions the individual's work. Therefore TRIPs focuses on the economic rights of the copyright holder and ignores the moral rights of the artist. Public interest rights in both of these conventions are ignored except for the cases of academic interest. It is not deemed as important that communal and indigenous rights should be protected or materials that are valuable to the development of the greater good of the community. This is especially so in the developing countries, where licenses and permissions for copyrighted material need to be obtained to educate and fund the development of their citizenry. The WIPO Copyright Treaty in many ways has been introduced to protect public interest rights and limit the copyright holder's rights, but in a balance with the moral rights of the artist. It still focuses too much on economic rights, but it is a move in the right d irection. "Libraries will continue to play a critical role in ensuring access for all in the information society. Properly functioning national and international networks of library and information services are critical to the provision of access to information. Traditionally, libraries have been able to provide reasonable access to the purchased copies of copyright works held in their collections. However, if in future all access and use of information in digital format becomes subject to payment, a library's ability to provide access to its users will be severely restricted."1 Intellectual Property needs to understand that there are public interest rights as it deals with a variety of areas, stemming from inventions through to ideas and artistic writings and pictures. In relation to

Effect of North Korea on Peace and Security

Effect of North Korea on Peace and Security North Korea and North East Asian Peace and Security Current security issues in North East Asia, raised by North Korea Nuclear Test. Please examine how far North Korea can affect the peace and stability in Northeast Asia and how other countries such as America, Japan, China, and Russia react on this issue. And lastly, How to solve this security issues permanently and increases future stability in the area? Contents (Jump to) Abstract Introduction Chapter One North Korean defence and foreign policy misrepresented or a threat to peace and security? Chapter Two – Containing the North Korean threat to peace and security in the North East Asia Region Conclusions Bibliography Abstract The following dissertation will discuss and evaluate North Korea’s influence and effect upon peace and security within the North East Asia region. This dissertation will evaluate North Korea’s relationships with other countries in the North East Asia region such as South Korea, Japan, and China. Countries from outside the immediate North East Asia region like the United States, Russia (as the largest successor state of the Soviet Union) and to a lesser extent Britain and France also have an interest in the North East Asia Region. All these countries have an interest in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and nuclear tests. For instance these countries must consider how the actions or the potential actions of the North Korean government are able to influence or effect peace and security within the North East Asia region. Non-governmental organisations like the United Nations and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), as well as the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) have taken a great deal of interest in how North Korea effects the peace and security of its immediately neighbouring countries. These organisations are taking North Korea’s nuclear programme as well as its ballistic missile capacity into account when they regard the North Korean threat to peace and security going beyond the confines of the North East Asia region itself. This dissertation will evaluate the development and changes in North Korean government policies that have influenced and arguably threatened peace and security of the North East Asia region from Korea’s initial division at the end of the Second World War through to the present day. North Korea has been regarded as a threat to the peace and security of the North East Asia region ever since Pyongyang’s decision to invade South Korea provoked the Korean War of 1950 to 1953. The Korean War as will be discussed set the mould for North Korean defence and foreign policies, whilst ensuring the importance of the relationship with China and Russia. The North Korean regime, as will be shown, has been very reluctant to embrace and adopt any kind of economic or political reforms, preferring to use its scant resources on maintaining and expanding its military capacity. It is also continuing its nuclear weapons programme, long drawn talks having yet to result in effective nuclear disa rmament, and thus undermining peace and security within the North East Asia region, and when issues of nuclear proliferation are concerned outside that region. Finally the following will explore whether there are any ways in which North Korea can finally become a country that its neighbours in the North East Asia region could trust and believe will not threaten their common peace and stability rather than a country that they mistrust. The United Nations is an organisation that could offer the North Korean assistance to overcome its failed economy in return for the ending of North Korea’s nuclear programme and potentially aggressive foreign policy. The main onus for international efforts to contain North Korean nuclear weapons development has been by the United States, China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. The prospects for the international community being able to monitor and eventually close down North Korea’s nuclear weapons programme, dismantling any weapons already constructed will also be discussed and evaluated. Introduction Korea has a long history of being a definable and separate nation state, although it was for many centuries subject to Chinese and later Japanese control (Lenman, 2004, p.450). Japanese control of Korea was ended by its defeat in the Second World War, which would inadvertently lead to the partition of Korea (Whitaker’s, 2007, p.892). The division of Korea was caused by the way that the Allied powers liberated the country from Japanese occupation, United States troops cleared the south, with the Soviet Union being responsible for clearing the north. This was intended to be a temporary division along the 38th parallel that would provoke the hottest conflict of the Cold War, as well as creating a dispute that continues to destabilise the peace and the security of the North East Asia region. As with the division of Vietnam the division was purely carried out as a reflection of the distribution of American and Soviet armed forces at the time of the Japanese surrender in September 1 945 (Gaddis, 2005, p.41). It was Kim Il Sung who had previously fought the Japanese for many years that emerged as North Korea’s first political leader, and he would be the man most responsible for his country’s attempt to re-unite Korea by force. Kim Il Sung was also responsible for North Korea’s subsequently militant defence and foreign policies that has remained stridently anti-Western, militaristic, and potentially aggressive towards its immediate neighbours in the North East Asia region ever since. It was Kim Il Sung that decided to re-unite Korea by force, after his realisation that diplomacy would not bring about such a re-unification led to the plan to invade South Korea, although he seems to have pre-empted similar plans that the South Koreans had hoped to implement. Kim Il Sung went ahead with that invasion with the approval of the Soviet Union and China, and the apparent indifference of the United States, which had already withdrawn its military garrisons from South Korea durin g 1949. However, the North Korean invasion which, was launched in June 1950 persuaded the United States to lead the United Nation’s forces into defending South Korea and driving the North Koreans back across the 38th parallel. The United States had been able to take advantage of the Soviet Union’s representative not been at the United Nations due to the Soviet decision to boycott the organisation due to Communist China being excluded from the Security Council (Evans Newnham, 1998, p. 293). The United States decision to intervene in the Korean War started its long -standing military alliance with South Korea to guarantee South Korean security from the continued threat of North Korean aggression. The Korean War itself would drag on for three years with the North Koreans having to rely on large-scale Chinese military intervention and covert air support from the Soviet Union. North Korea only survived after the American led United Nations forces had captured the majority of North Korean territory due to Mao Zedong sending in the Chinese army. The conflict could have escalated, due to the involvement of Soviet aircraft that could have provoked a war between the superpowers yet both Moscow and Washington did not want an all out war to start due to the Korean War (Hobsbawm, 1994 p. 228). After the Korean War the prospects for Korean re-unification seemed to be remote, with the two Korean states being integrated into the alliance systems of the Soviet Union and the United States respectively. North Korea was therefore firmly in the communist camp, and initially enjoyed strong and productive political, economic and military relationships with both China and the Soviet Union. South Korea was a willing member of the United States alliance system and received substantial monetary and military backing from the United States, and later significant economic investment from Japan that would make it wealthier than North Korea. The United States government was not bothered by the Seoul’s regime lack of democratic practices just as long as it remained fervently anti-Communist (Hobsbawm, 1994 p. 228). Kim Il Sung’s North Korean regime was in contrast avowedly Marxist-Leninist in ideological outlook, whilst trying to create a strong sense of North Korean nationalism that was decidedly anti-American and increasingly isolationist in perspective (Heywood, 2003 p. 179). The Korean War meant that neighbouring countries such as South Korea, Japan, and China kept an interest in political and diplomatic developments that involved North Korea, the former as potential enemies, the latter originally as an ally. The balance of power during the Cold War meant that North Korea could only pose a threat to the peace and security of the North East Asia region if that suited the Soviet Union, and to a lesser extent China. The Kremlin to a large extent kept the regime in Pyongyang in check, not wishing to provoke further conflict, and realising that the United States would not tolerate North Korea attempting to invade South Korea again, or indeed developing its own nuclear weapons. On the other hand the Soviet Union exported missile and nuclear technologies to North Korea as part of its military and economic aid packages to the Pyongyang regime (Gaddis, 2005 p. 6 0). The fighting during the Korean War was heavy, the agricultural sector being particularly adversely affected, and the war had devastated North Korea’s economy. American bombing had also heavily damaged the North Korean capital city, Pyongyang. The number of North Korean fatalities, 419,000 was testimony to the high human costs of the conflict, with around 3 million people dying during its course (Castleden, 2005, p.299). The scale of destruction did not prevent a strong economic revival and rapid industrialisation, although most of those improvements were brought about by considerable amounts of help from China and the Soviet Union (Castleden, 2005, p.300). Large-scale industrialisation in North Korea would therefore have undoubtedly been much harder to achieve without that substantial aid that North Korea received from China and the Soviet Union. The Soviet decision to export nuclear technology to North Korea, for the non-military use of generating electricity would later allo w Pyongyang the opportunity to start its own nuclear weapons programme. That would have been unthinkable at the height of the Cold War, as neither the Soviet Union nor the United States would allow any of their satellite states to disturb the nuclear power balance between them. However, once the North Korean regime believed that the Soviet Union and China would no longer offer North Korea any meaningful kind or level of protection that is indeed precisely what the North Korean regime decided to do (Lenman, 2004, p.451). North Korea would continue to operate a planned economy even though that would eventually fail to adequately support its military build up and its civilian population. The North Korean government opted to keep its military infrastructure expanding rather than attempt economic reforms or adequately providing for its people (Heywood, 2003 p.137). The Soviet Union would have certainly disapproved of North Korean plans to develop its own nuclear weapons, yet the Soviet U nion’s influence upon North Korean military and defence policies had waned long before its own disintegration in 1991 (Gaddis, 2005, p.264). North Korea arguably became a threat to the peace and stability of the North East Asia region due to the nature and character of its hard line Stalinist regime. Kim Il Sung was a Marxist dictator in the mode of Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. However for the majority of the Cold War period the North Korean threat was seen to be much less pronounced to the non-communist parts of the North East Asia region than the more obvious threats of the Soviet Union and China (Gaddis, 2005, p.60). Kim Il Sung’s craving for power meant that North Korea dedicated and continues to dedicate a large percentage of its national budget and resources towards internal repression and building up its military strength to threaten the other countries of the North East Asia region. However, North Korea’s conventional weapons would not be enough to successfully invade South Korea whilst the United States continues to offer full protection against such attacks, even if their purchase had almost bankr upted the Pyongyang regime (Castleden, 2005, p.303). Despite the faltering of the North Korean economy in the last two decades or so, Pyongyang seems to be more interested in threatening South Korea and Japan with nuclear weapons and ballistic weapons than feeding its own population. Although North Korea should be wary of what happened to its erstwhile ally, the Soviet Union whose excessive and unsustainable military expenditure played a major part in its eventual collapse (Tipton, 1998, p.434). However, although the North Korean regime decided to start its nuclear weapons programme that decision violated North Korea’s formal and legal pledges not to proliferate its own nuclear weapons. North Korea had signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and had joined the IAEA, which meant that it was not supposed to start its own nuclear weapons programme at all (Evans Newnham, 1998 p. 68). For the North Koreans there were other examples of small and large sized states that had already broken their promises and legal commitments not to develop their own nuclear weapons. Those states nuclear weapons programme with varying degrees of reaction from the official nuclear powers of the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, China, and France. Countries such as Israel, India, and Pakistan have gone on to successfully acquire their own nuclear weapons with little or no action been taken against them to make them give up those devices. The North Korean regime understood that it c ould develop nuclear weapons with the possiblity that the United Nations and the leading powers would not be able to take any effective action to take those weapons off North Korea (Fukuyama, 2006 p. 80). Chapter One North Korean defence and foreign policy misrepresented or a threat to peace and security? Since the foundation of North Korea as a separate nation state its defence and foreign policies have been geared towards the re-unification of Korea on Pyongyang’s terms, rather than South Korea’s terms (Rayner Stanley, 2006, p.234). As far as the North Korean regime of Kim Il Sung was concerned the re-unification of Korea was not an issue that should concern any other countries apart from North and South Korea themselves. It was the context of the Cold War that complicated the strategic, military and diplomatic situation concerning the dispute between North and South Korea about which country should over power the other to dominate a re-unified Korean state. In military terms North Korea is the strongest, in economic terms South Korea is the strongest (Tipton, 1998, 434). On the one hand the assistance of China and the Soviet Union was useful for the economic development of North Korea and also as a means of building up the country’s military power. On the othe r hand the Cold War meant that the United States was more alert about the need to protect the countries in the North East Asia region that were opposed to communism, like Japan, South Korea and South Vietnam (Gaddis, 2005, p.60). The Cold War meant that the United States was unwilling to allow any more parts of North East Asia to fall under communist rule. After all the presence of United States forces in Japan had allowed the United Nations forces to resist Kim Il Sung’s invasion of South Korea. North Vietnam would eventually overcome South Vietnam despite the best efforts of the United States, yet the terrain of Vietnam was different from that of Korea and the North Vietnamese had better military tactics than the North Koreans (Hobsbawm, 1994, p.228). Whilst the Cold War continued, North Korea was not seen as the main threat to peace and security in the North East Asia region, superpower rivalry meant that the Soviet Union and the United States mistrusted each other more th an they mistrusted any other state. China would also emerge as a major power within the region, one that eventually took independent policy decisions from those of the Soviet Union. The United States government however, remains wary of North Korea’s intentions towards the rest of the North East Asia region (Gaddis, 2005, p.61). The peace and security of the North East Asia region altered during the 1960s, not as a result of changes in the Cold War, but as a result of alterations in the relationship between North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union. The regime of Kim Il Sung had not wished for North Korea to be reliant upon either China or the Soviet Union as soon as the country had recovered from the Korean War and had become economically self sufficient. By the mid 1960s the North Korean regime believed that it become self-sufficient and no longer such high levels of aid from China or the Soviet Union. Kim Il Sung wanted to maintain military links with China and the Soviet Union, yet did not wish for North Korea to be a mere client state of Beijing or Moscow. North Korea was not going to be like the majority of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe were in relation to the Soviet Union. Although of course the North Koreans did not have to worry about invasion by the Soviet Union if it took much of a n independent from Soviet policy (Castleden, 2005, p.301). North Korea’s military power was originally reliant upon Chinese and Soviet built equipment and the regime could not afford weapons from any other countries outside of the communist bloc (Gaddis, 2005, p.61). Under Kim Il Sung’s leadership North Korea could not get away from its close economic links with the Soviet Union until the latter’s collapse in 1991, which in turn would have very detrimental affects upon North Korea (Watson, 1997, p.246). The strong relationship between China and the Soviet Union declined dramatically towards the end of the 1960s resulting in border clashes between the two states. The break down in the relationship between China and the Soviet Union meant North Korea’s most powerful allies would spend more time arguing with each other than the United States. Pyongyang did not back either state publicly although Kim Il Sung regarded the Soviet Union as a more reliable ally, and unlike Beijing, Moscow did not occasionally make insulting comments about the North Korean leader (Watson, 1997, p.240). Whilst the North Korean economy seemed to enjoy impressive growth rates from the 1950s through to the 1970s, the country arguably did not have or develop the infrastructure or indeed have the resources to become a serious threat to peace and security in the North East Asia region. North Korean economic policy was heavily influenced by the planned economies of China and the Soviet Union, and was as unsuccessful in North Korea as they had been in China and the Soviet Union (Heywood, 2003 p. 152). Kim Il Sung’s regime collectivised agriculture and began the process of large-scale industrialisation. The collectivisation of agriculture commenced in 1946 when estates with Japanese owners were confiscated in the north under Soviet guidance (Tipton, 1998,p.304). Collectivisation and the modernisation of agriculture increased the life expectancy of the North Korean population. Industrialisation at least during the 1950s and 1960s appeared to be impressive. However much of that economic growth was due to the revenues raised from the export of natural resources to the Soviet Union and the receipt of aid from the Soviet Union (Watson, 1997, p.246) Economic growth could have been stronger if it had not been hampered by Kim Il Sung’s decision to make expenditure on the military as high as possible, and his government’s main priority. The military build up was meant to unnerve the South Korean government. In terms of total expenditure South Korea spent more on its military expenditure than North Korea. This was mainly due to North Korea being regarded as an ever-present threat to South Korean security. There were differences as to how the two countries military expenditure was regarded in the North East Asia region and beyond. South Korea’s military expenditure was seen as being justified as it would deter North Korea. On the other hand, North Korea’s military spending was viewed as being unjustified, aggressive and a sign of Kim Il Sung’s megalomania, policies that his son, Kim Jong Il has continued (Gaddis, 2005, p.61). North Korea had one major disadvantage if its regime wished to outspend South Korea in terms of their defence budgets, as they were poorer. Whilst North Korea found it difficult to find foreign investors, South Korea was able to attract very high volumes of investment, especially from the United States and Japan. South Korea’s increasing levels of wealth meant it could easily match North Korea’s military build up, without reducing the living standards of its population, or driving its government towards insolvency (Tipton, 1998, p.304). In terms of any future conventional war between North and South Korea, South Korea held key advantages. Firstly, the South Korean population was twice the size of its neighbour to the north, potentially allowing for its armed forces to have twice the number of personnel in war- time conditions. In 1985, South Korea was estimated to have a population of 41.2 million compared to North Korea’s population of 20.1 million people (Watso n, 1997, p.262). South Korea was economically more productive and therefore wealthier than North Korea, with the latter’s seemingly impressive growth rates beginning to slow down by the start of the 1980s. An example of the growing disparity between the countries was the per capita income, whilst it was $790 for North Korea in 1982, it was $1,840 for South Korea in 1983. In economic terms, North Korea could not realistically afford its high levels of military expenditure, although Kim Il Sung’s regime was determined to carry on with spending money it believed kept the regime in power and made it a continuing danger to its capitalist neighbours (Watson, 1997, p.262). In the following decade North Korea was widely regarded as bring an increased threat to the peace and security of the North East Asia region, despite the country’s economy going in to a steep decline. Whilst the North Korean regime refused to scale down its military expenditure its agricultural sector, especially suffered an alarming drop in productivity that contributed to an estimated two million North Koreans dying of starvation during the 1990s. Despite famine and economic decline the North Korean regime still used scarce resources to develop its nuclear weapons programme. North Korea barely increased its economic productivity during the 1990s and was by then considerably poorer than South Korea. To give a stark contrast, South Korean per capita gross domestic product (GDP) reached an impressive $13, 700, whilst North Korean GDP languished at $900. It was a paradoxical situation in which, although the North Korean regime could increasingly threaten its neighbours with miss iles and nuclear weapons, yet it would eventually need emergency aid from those countries to prevent more of its own population starving to death (Pipes, 2001, p.152). On paper at least, North Korea has impressive conventional military strength with around 3,500 tanks and 2,500 armoured personnel carriers, whilst the army had 950,000 troops. The North Korean air force has 590 combat aircraft, whilst the navy’s 88 submarines could pose a serious threat to shipping in the North East Asia region in the event of a future war. However it is the potential development and possible of nuclear weapons that causes a greater concern than North Korea’s conventional arsenal (Whitaker’s 2007, pp.893-94). South Korea has smaller armed forces yet still has a standing army 560,000 strong and 2,330 main battle tanks. South Korea would no doubt have to increase those numbers if 94, 450 Americans were not based in South Korea (Whitaker’s 2007 p. 895). However, it was not just North Korea’s strength in terms of conventional weapons that means it is regarded as being a threat to peace and security in the North East Asia region. The United States government has long suspected that North Korea has played a part in sponsoring and supporting terrorism within the North East Asia region and indeed further afield. The suspicions of the United States have been founded upon the anti-American rhetoric that the North Korean regime its content to produce from time to time (Gaddis, 2005, p.261). South Korea had previously accused North Korea of trying to undermine internal stability by supporting dissident South Korean groups and calling for the re-unification of Korea (Tipton, 1998, p.304). North Korea was one of the countries that the administration of Ronald Reagan denounced as being terrorist states back in 1985. The Reagan administration viewed North Korea as being a risk to international peace and security within and beyond the Nort h East Asia region (Ward, 2003, p.349). North Korea did not have any moral or political hang ups about selling weapons such as assault rifles to other countries that found it hard to acquire weapons due to arms embargo’s or sanctions. For instance, North Korea sold surplus Soviet manufactured assault rifles to Iran during the early years of the Iran-Iraq War. Such arms sales may have contributed to the United States accusing North Korea of being a terrorist state. The North Koreans could have countered that these claims were hypocrisy on the part of the American government that sold a much greater volume of weapons to any state or organisation that was anti-Communist, or if it suited the United States interests to do so. Hypocrisy that was demonstrated by the Iran –Contra Affair in which the money from arms sales to Iran was used to fund the Contra forces in Nicaragua (Fisk, 2006, p.278). North Korea also supplied ballistic missiles to the Iranians and even sent engine ers to Iran to ensure those missiles successfully reached Iraqi targets, especially Baghdad. The willingness of the North Koreans to sell missiles to the highest bidders certainly increased concerns about Pyongyang posing a threat to peace and security (Fisk, 2006, p.281). Surveillance and interceptions of cargo ships have provided evidence that North Korea will sell weapons to terrorist organisations as well as any state that can afford them. For instance, the Spanish navy intercepted a North Korean merchant ship that was officially taking cement to South Yemen. Once aboard that ship the Spanish found ballistic missiles that could have been used by the terrorist group that had brought those missiles. The Middle East is a volatile region at the best of times, so the ability of North Korea to supply ballistic missiles to governments and terrorists groups in that region is another concern for the United States and other Western countries (Davies, 2003 p. 238). It was during the early 1990s that the prospect of North Korea carrying out a successful nuclear weapons programme became the cause of major international concern. In the United States, the administration of President Bill Clinton was determined to persuade the North Korean regime to halt that nuclear weapons programme peacefully by preference, or by force if necessary (Clinton, 2004 p. 561). Aside from the United States, South Korea, China, Russia, and Japan were, and still are the countries that are most anxious to prevent North Korea acquiring and keeping nuclear weapons. Britain and France have also been involved in international efforts to prevent North Korea acquiring nuclear weapons as members of the United Nations Security Council, and as signatories of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (Evans Newnham, 1998 p. 381). South Korea and Japan are particularly anxious and insecure about North Korea’s attempts to produce nuclear weapons because they would be the most obvi ous targets if North Korea ever decided to use nuclear weapons. That anxiety is increased because the South Koreans and the Japanese are well aware that the North Koreans have the technical capacity to fit nuclear warheads to its force of ballistic missiles that can reach all the major cities in South Korea and Japan. China is also anxious that the nuclear weapons programme of North Korea does not provoke a military confrontation between North Korea and the United States that would bring widespread destruction and shatter the peace and stability of the North East Asia region. China remains keen to continue its impressive economic growth rates and also hopes to maintain political stability in the region, a stability that North Korea has a strong propensity to disrupt. China is therefore willing to act as a go between to prevent conflict arising between the United States and North Korea that would be very damaging to the North East Asia region as a whole (Cheek, 2006 p. 136). That als o means that China is willing to back the efforts of the United States, South Korea, and Japan to reduce the North Korean threat to peace and security (The Guardian, February 14 2007). Russia, as the main successor state to the Soviet Union, on the other hand has attempted to maintain strong economic, military, and economic links with North Korea. Those links leave Kim Jong Il hoping North Korea has more leeway in its disputes with the United States and the United Nations over its plans to acquire nuclear weapons. Whilst Russia is caught between promoting its economic links with North Korea without harming its relationship with the United States that improved with the latter’s war on terror in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, it would normally put its relationship with the United States first. The Russians and North Koreans remain keen upon maintaining a strong relationship between each other, although that is based on pragmatism rather than a common ideological outlook. Whilst the Russian government believes that like the Chinese government it could help resolve the international disputes that currently mean that North Korea is regarded as been a threat to pea ce and security in North East Asia region (Meir, 2004 p. 417). North Korea’s defence and foreign policy was seen and remains seen as a serious and increasing threat to the peace and security of the North East Asia region because of the nature of the Pyongyang regime itself. That is due to Kim Il Sung and his son and successor Kim Jong Il concentrating upon the maintaining of their personal hold on power. That hold on power is through a strong military with undoubted loyalty to the national leader, and via a system of forced labour and prison camps that detain political dissidents or opponents of the regime. The regime’s internal position is also protected and promoted through a cult of personality for Kim Il Sung and now Kim Jong Il that rivals other cults of personalities witnessed in other communist regimes. It most closely resembles the cults of personality experienced in the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union, or China under Chairman Mao Zedong, especially during the tumultuous period of the Cultural Revolution (Castleden, 2005 p. 301). The North Korean regime during Kim Il Sung’s lifetime not only managed to copy Chinese and Soviet propaganda techniques; the North Koreans also managed to emulate their purges. Such pronounced levels of dictatorship have always managed to make the United States suspicious of North Korean intentions. The South Koreans and the Japanese tend to reinforce American concerns over the de-stabilising effects of North Korean defence and foreign policies. The South Koreans and the Japanese therefore have fears for their safety as without an American military presence in the North East Asia region they would not be

The Great Depression Essay -- essays research papers

The Great Depression not only affected the United States but the world in general. In my estimation some the reasons for the depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920’s and the debts not paid back from WWI.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The distribution of wealth in the 1920’s, â€Å"roaring twenties,† was done with despair between the very wealthy and the lower classes, between industry and agriculture within the United States, between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy. The excessive assumption in the late 20’s kept the stock markets artificially high, which eventually lead the large market crashes and the American economy to turn over.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The â€Å"roaring twenties† was an era when the U.S. prospered immensely. The nation’s total income was rose tremendously, but not equally. The â€Å"Coolidge Prosperity† of the 1920’s was not evenly shared among Americans, which led the rich to become richer, by not having to pay such high taxes, and the poor to not prosper. This widened the gap of disparity even more. In this period of time there was an increased manufacturing output, which made more money for the manufacturing plants and the people who invested in it, but not for the workers. There came to be an oversupply of goods and not enough buyers. During this time credit sales became a big thing for people to use to buy products. The government made it easier to just put i...